OIE Reference Laboratories are designated to pursue all the scientific and technical problems relating to a named disease on the OIE lists. The role of a Reference Laboratory is to function as a center of expertise and standardization of diagnostic techniques for its designated disease. The Expert, responsible to the OIE and its Member Countries with regard to these issues, should be a leading and active researcher helping the Reference Laboratory to provide scientific and technical assistance and expert advice on topics linked to surveillance and control of the disease for which the Reference Laboratory is responsible. They may also provide scientific and technical training for personnel from Member Countries, and coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories or organizations (see OIE Mandate and Internal Rules for Reference Laboratories).

The OIE has a global network of over 150 Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centers.